rather than a cosmological dualism.8 To John, the material world is good and will find renewal someday. Yet there are those within it who follow evil impulses and reject God; they deserve criticism. There is a further difficulty when John says that we should not love this world. This is different from the command to love in 2:10, where the object of love is a fellow believer. Nevertheless, there is a tension with John 3:16, where we learn that God loves the world. Even though the world is a place
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